During meiosis, the principle of independent assortment is demonstrated when homologous chromosomes separate during which stage?

• A. Anaphase I
• B. Metaphase I
• C. Anaphase II
• D. Telophase I

Answer: (A)

Independent assortment arises from the random orientation and separation of homologous chromosome pairs during meiosis I. The crucial moment is anaphase I, when the homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles. This separation distributes maternal and paternal chromosomes into different daughter cells, creating diverse gamete combinations. In contrast, metaphase I is about how the pairs line up, but the actual distribution happens in anaphase I; anaphase II involves separating sister chromatids, not homologs, and telophase I is when the cells begin to divide after the homologs have moved apart.